Homogenizing apparatus.



A. PAY..

HOMOGENIZING APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED APB. 22, 1911. 1,019,953` Patented Mar. 12, 1912.

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HOMOGENIZING APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED Amma, 1911.

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A. PAY.

HOMOGENIZING APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED 193.22, 1911.

1,019,958. Patented Mar. 12', 1912.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

|Il t| |i m fzmwmf ALPHEUS FAY, OF LOUISVILLE, KENTUCKY.

AHor/roGrENIzrNs APPARATUS.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Mar. 12, '1912.

Application filed. April 22, 1911. Serial No. 622,782.

To all whom 'it may concern:

Be it known that I, ALPHEUS FAY, a citizen of the United States, residing at Louisville, in the county of Jeerson and State of Kentucky, have invented a certain new and useful Homogenizing Apparatus, of which the following is a specification.

The object of my invention is to produce a simple, economical, device for treating substances to be merged intoa single homogeneous mass, or homogenized, and is principally designed for use in producing such a product by the combination of butter, or a similar food substance, with milk, according to a formula and by a process hereinafter to be more particularly described.

It is especially the object of this invention to so economize in the manufacture of the apparatus, while at the same time not sacriicing any of the eiciency reqmred, as to bring its cost low enough, and the care necessary in Vits operation to such a minimum, that itwill be well adapted for domestic use.

In the drawings: Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of my apparatus. Fig. 2 is a plan view of the lid with attached parts. Fig. 3 is a detail perspective view of the brake. Fig. 4 is a plan view of a modification of my apparatus. Fig. 5 is a sectional elevation of the apparat-us as shown in Fig. 4. Fig. 6 is a sectional elevation of another modification of my apparatus. Fig. 7 is a partial plan view of the lids of the apparatus shown in Fig.l 6, and with the bearing head thereof shown in section on aline of Fig. 6, also indicating the brake in position on the lower side of the main lid by dotted lines. Fig. 8 is a detail perspective view of the brake Aof the apparatus shown in Figs.'6 and 7. f

The general construction of ymy apparatus involves the combination of an outer vessel and aninner vessel, a dasher with'vertical axis inside the inner vessel', a brake disposedy vertically at one side of the vessel to lcoactv withV the dasher, means forsupportingvthe inner lvessel in the outer one so that an ettij cientvwater bath may be maintained between them, and means for rotatingthe dasher.y f

With a view ,to most effectivelyv accom'-4 plishing the economical production of the; l apparatus, it is desired to entirely dispense with finishing operations upon any of t-he parts of the device, making them in the ,form of castings that will fit to each other and to the vessels without any considerable care in adjustment and without the finishing operations referred to. This requirement is met in all of the examples illustrated.

In the example illustrated in Fig. l, the outer vessel 1 is shown to be of seamed construction, as is also the inner vessel 2, and this inner vessel 2 has its shell carried down below its bottom and suitably perforated, so that there maybe circulation of water under the vessel 2. Above, the lid 3 is supported on the rim of the outer vessel 1 and bears down on the rim of the inner vessel 2, hav ing beads on its lower side to engage with said rims Aand maintain the proper relative positions of the vessels. This lid 3 is of openwork formation as is best seen in Fig. 2, and centrally it carries a bearing head 4, formed integral with it, this bearing head oVerha-nging Va rectangular opening in the lid up through which the dasher shank 5 ex-v tendsto have an upper bearing 5*" in the lower side of said head. This shank 5 carries the pinion 6 rigidly mounted on it directly below this bearmg; this pinion may loeforced on the shank. ,Av driving shaft 7 is, as illustrated, integral with the crank 8,

.and is horizont-ally journaled in the head 4,

above the upper end of the shank 5. A gear wheel`9 is forced onto this `shaft' 7, to have a bearing vagainst the .adjacent side of the head, preventingfend thrust lofthe shaft. An 'auxiliary bearing.l bracket 4? bears against the"endofthe shaft 7 A-Lbeyond the thisjlumn 10 has fa 'ft .g1 10bthat 4extends .radially overtoifthe' center ,of the shank 5' 4of thefdasher and'hasfastep bearing 10" for 'the lowe r end of said shank. p This footrests snugly against-'the'bottom of the vessel through it, andthe flange 15 is justlargef l2. The upper end of the shank 5 bears up against the upper end of its bearing 5a in the head 4. Thus, the dasher is supported for. rotation and its end play up and down is limited by the coperationof the brake with its step, below, and the head 4, above. The brake has its operative parts composed of radially inwardly projecting bars 10C, and the dasher has its operative parts composed of bars 5b, projecting radially from it in opposite directions, and adapted to swing around between the bars of the brake; by this cooperation of the bars of the dasher and of the brake, respectively, a-disruption of the body of substances in the vessely2 is eit'ected and the mixture of various substances is induced by constant; disruption and collision of the particles of the respective substances. I

In assembling the device for operation, the upper flattened end of the brake column is slipped into the slot of the lid after the upper end of the dasher shaiik isinserted into its bearing in the head, and the step bearing on the toot of the brake receives the lower end of the shank, upon which t-he entire operative device is lowered into the vessel 2 and the lid 3 engages with both vessels l and 2, alining them and holding them in their alined positions. Then the lid'is manually held down while the crank or handle 8 is turned. In taking the finished product from the vessel, the lid 3 is liftedoil", leaving the dasher and brake in the vessel'v 2 to be withdrawn singly, as is desirable, owing to `the adhesion of the product to these parts.

The product may be thus conveniently scraped from the dasher and brake with the lid removed. y

In the modification shown in Figs. 4 and 5, the vessels 11 and 12 are shown as seamless, and the inner vessel 12 is suspended in an outer lid or ring 13 that rests on the rim oi' the outer vessel 11 and receivesthe bead of the upper rim of the vessel 12 on=an interior flange-13. This leaves the space between the vessels entirely unobstructed. .An inner lid 13a rests on the rim of thel inner vessel 12, inside the ring 13and this lid/13% has the 4,bea-ring, head 14 `integgjral,with it. 'Ihe lid 13a has a centralyopeningfand,the

. shank 15 `of the dasher ,hasn the pinionf1t.

forced onto it, down againstfa'flilg l,5,\in.`- tegral with the shank 1 5l l lThe"openin'glj@in the lid 13a is preferablyfjust `,-suiiicientlyy large to allow the pinionl-tolpassgip` enough tov closeV the openingwhen lthe parts are' assembled. The .fdiyingj shfaf '1 thewcrank 18 fitting onto its [endand the shaft 'bein the. gear 19, which i c ings, and forms a convenient 'lneiansloihold`` sans er. lafing the apparatus together when operated. The {iattened upper end 20a of the brake 2O extends into a socket in the head in the same manner as in the example above described. The brake also has a foot 20IJ on the lower end of its column, with a step bearing for the shank 15. The bars 20c and 15b of the brake and of the dasher, respectively, coperate as above described.

In the example shown in Figs. 6 to 8, inclusive, the part-s are the same as those of the example of Figs. 4 and 5 just described, excepting that the brake 20 has no foot and ,the dasher shank 15 is unsupported at its `lower end. Instead, a bracket 2()d extends 4radially over and has a fork embracing the shank l5 immediately under the lid 13, and the pinion 16 has its hub extending down @through the openingJin the lid and bearing gon this fork, thus supporting the dasher. ,The brake 1ssupported by means of a set screw taking in through the head against @the Hat-tened upper end 20a in the socket in fthe head, instead of having the brake suplported on the bottom of the vessel 12. The gopening through the lid 13@I is located somewhat out of alinement with the shank 15, so

ilid, and then sidewise to pass the upper end lof the shank 15 into its bearing 15a, upon Iwhich the hub of the pinion bears against the side of the opening in the lid adjacent where the fork of the bracket 20d is open, thus completing the lower bearing of the dasher shank. This arrangement, by dis- 3pensing with the step on the bottom of the :vessel allows the dasher to operate closer to the bottom of the vessel, and also lessens the number of parts for the product to cling to, thus facilitating the removal of the product after completionof the operation.

-The latter two examples are adapted to form substantially closed tops to the vessels, and are thusshown, but it will be understood that they may also be used with the open-toppyed v method of treatment. It is generally advantageous to have the top of the inner vesselopen, sothat the progress of the operation may be observed readily.

Homogenizedm preparations may be produced to' be used as butter, or as oleoinargarin," oryasfbutterin. In either case, the qbutter, orthefoleoniargarin, or, in the case fof butter-in, lard, is Vtaken vin equal quant-ity by weight,` with the milk, and the mixture placed yin thel inside vessel with the milk at a temperature of'about 50 degrees Fahrenheit, andthe fatty ingredient, butter, oleomary y source of heat, or the heat of themwater alone beingre lied upon' to yproduce thedesired` result.' In `any case, theheat; ofthe water, or of the wa"- that it admits t-he pinion to pass above the ter combined with the other source of heat, should be suflicient to raise the temperature of the mixture in the vessel to aboutI 90 degrees Fahrenheit, in about three minutes. During this three minutes, the agitation, with the consequent disruption and collision of the particles of fatty substance and of the milk, is kept up, and at the end of the time, the butter, or oleomargarin, or lard, as the case may be, will be found to have merged with the milk into a single homogeneous mass, having the characteristics of butter, or oleomargarin, or lard, as the case may be, and well adapted for use as such by the users of the apparatus. Then properly labeled, this homogenized article is also marketable, although it will be understood that this extremely simple, inexpensive, conveniently operated device is best adapted for the use of the consumer, operating with such capacity that comparat-ively small quantities of t-he product are made, to be used in the household where it is made. Marked economy is allowed, since the cost of the product is only the mean between the cost of the butter, or other fatty ingredient, and the cost of the milk. Furthermore, such homogenizedv products are superior to their pure fatty ingredients, inasmuch as they contain milk solids not found in the pure fatty substances alone. Such apparatus makes available to the consumer, in small, inexpensive quantities, these products, which ordinarily would be produced with facility only on a large scale.

It will also be understood that my apparat-us is adaptable for operations of a similar nat-ure on kindred substances, such as churning milk or cream to extract butter, or in mixing various substances for culinary purposes.

Having fully described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is: A

1. In a device of the character described, a vessel, a dasher with vertical axis, a lid to the vessel having an upper bearing for the dasher integral with said lid, said bearing limiting the upward movement of the dasher, and a brake in the vessel, held in position by said lid, and engaging to limit the downward movement of the dasher.

2. In a device of the character described, the combination of a lid with a socket, and a brake having a flattened end part entering the socket, a vessel, and a dasher held for rotation on a vertical axis in the vessel and to cooperate with thel brake, said lid having a part to limit upward movement of the dasher, and said brake having a part to limit downward movement of said dasher.

3. In a device of the character described, the combination of a. lid, a dasher with a pinion rigidly attached to it near its upper end, said lid having a part forming an upper bearing for the dasher so that it may rotate on a vertical axis but be limited against upward movement, the lid and the part forming the bearing being integral and the lid having an opening to allow the pinion to pass up through it in the journaling of said dasher, and a brake held by the lid and forming a second bearing for the dasher and preventing downward movement of the dasher.

4. In a device of the character described, the combination of anYY outer vessel., an inner vessel, a dasher, a brake, and a lid having, integrally formed, means for supporting the brake, means for holding said vessels against relative displacement, and means for journaling` said dasher, the brake also supporting the dasher and being removable from the lid to allow separation of the dasher from the lid, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

5. In a device of the character described, as a new and improved article of manufacture, a lid for a vessel having, integrally formed, a horizontal shaft bearing, a downwardly opening vertical shaft bearing, and a downwardly opening socket displaced laterally from the vertical shaft bearing, and having an opening below said vertical sha-ft bearing of greater extent than that of the vertical shaft bearing, substantially as and for the purposes set fort-h.

6. In a device of the character described, as a new and improved article of manufac-v ture, a lid for a vessel having, integrally formed, a main horizontal shaft bearing and an auxiliary horizontal shaft bearing, and having between the bearings a downwardly opening vertical shaft bearing, and, below said vertical shaft bearing, an opening of greater extent than that of said vertical shaft bearing, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

7. In a device of the character described, the combination of an inner and an outer vessel, an outer annular lid for the outer vessel having an interior annular seat forthe inner vessel, and a lid for the inner vessel having a bearing head formed integrally with it and fitting into the seat in the annular lid with said inner vessel, to hold said inner vessel in its seat.

8. In a device'fof the character described, the combination of an inner and an outer vessel, an outer annular lid for the outer vessel with an interior annular seat for the inner vessel, and an openwork lid for the inner vessel fitting into the seat in t-he lid of the outer vessel along with said inner vessel, to hold said inner vessel in its seat.

9. In a device of the character described, as a new and improved article of manufacture, a brake comprising, integrally formed, a column and a series of bars extending therefrom, and having an upper flattened end part tofsaid column, and an extension Series discontinuing short of its upper end, With a beerlng for a shaft, for the purposes and an extension adjacent its lowered end l0 set forth. having@y bearing for a shaft. 10.` In a device of the character desorlbed,

ALPHEUS FAY. 5 as a new and improved artlole of manufacture, a brake comprising a column and a Wltnesses: series of bars extended therefrom arranged y CLARENCE PERDEW, 111 succession from lts lower end, and the RUST-ACF: Vv PERDEW.

Copies of this, patent may be obtaied for ve centseach, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. C. 

